Gyro A device used to measure angles and maintain direction. The principle is based on the principle of conservation of angular momentum. Let's take a look at the dynamic schematic of the gyroscope. The rotor in the middle of the gold is our "gyro". It will not be affected by inertia, and the three "steel rings" around will change the posture due to the equipment. Follow the change to detect the current state of the device. The axes of the three "steel rings" are the "three axes" in our three-axis gyroscope, namely the X axis, the Y axis, and the Z axis. The three-dimensional space enclosed by the three axes jointly detects various actions of the mobile phone, and the main function of the gyroscope is that it can measure the angular velocity.
What is the difference between a gyroscope and our most common gravity sensor? Gravity sensing is to determine the horizontal direction by sensing the force of gravity in two directions, and the gyroscope is a three-dimensional direction. Also because of the different characteristics, the gyroscope application seems to be more dazzling and more windy than gravity sensing. Gyro is the most accessible to the average user. It can be used in a variety of large games. It is more convenient to use a gyroscope to shoot a game than to use a touch screen. Of course, in addition to the game, the gyroscope can also be used with other devices to coordinate GPS positioning. Like Google's Street View, it uses the gyroscope to match the positioning.
How MEMS gyroscopes workIn order to apply gyroscope technology to small devices such as mobile phones, MIDs, handles, mice, and digital cameras, it is inevitable to miniaturize traditional gyroscopes. For this reason, MEMS gyroscopes are fully integrated into digital devices and game devices. What is MEMS? MEMS (Micro Electro Mechanical Systems) is a cutting-edge technology based on micro/nano technology, a technology for designing, processing, manufacturing, measuring and controlling micro/nano materials. It integrates mechanical components, optical systems, drive components, and electronic control systems into a single unit micro system.
MEMS products have been widely used. . . Digital camera (anti-shake and anti-vibration device, using MEMS gyroscope products to accurately perform zero-return action even in a continuous vibration environment), laptop or MID, mobile phone (such as accelerometer), MP3/MP4, game console In consumer electronics. Gyroscopes use this technique to form micron-scale precision resonant structures on silicon wafers that sense the magnitude and direction of angular velocity.
Compared to traditional gyroscopes that use the principle of conservation of angular momentum, MEMS gyroscopes use different operating principles. A conventional gyroscope is an object that rotates continuously, and the direction of its rotation axis does not change with the rotation of the holder that carries it. It is obviously more difficult to machine such a non-stop rotatable object that is continuously rotated on a silicon wafer substrate by micromechanical techniques. To this end, the MEMS gyroscope uses Coriolis force to realize the miniaturization of the device based on the characteristics of the conventional gyroscope. What is Coriolis force? The Coriolis force is also often referred to as the Coriolis force, the Coriolis force, which is the displacement of the mass point of the linear motion in the rotating system due to the linear motion of the inertia relative to the rotating system. The description comes from the inertia of the motion of the object. The biasing force acting on the moving mass of the earth due to the rotation of the earth is such a representative. The geostrophic force helps to explain some geographical phenomena, such as the side of the river The other side is washed even more.
The MEMS gyroscope is the most common application of Coriolis force. The MEMS gyroscope utilizes the Coriolis force (the tangential force that the rotating object receives when moving in the radial direction). The rotating gyroscope can be used for various forms. The linear motion produces a reflection, and the motion measurement and control can be performed by recording the Coriolis force received by the gyroscope component. In order to generate this force, MEMS gyroscopes are usually equipped with movable capacitor plates in two directions. "The radial capacitive plates plus the oscillating voltage force the object to move radially, and the lateral capacitive plates are measured due to the lateral Coriolis motion band. The change in capacitance comes." Thus, the "gyro object" in the MEMS gyroscope will continue to make radial movements or oscillations while driving, thus simulating the movement of the Coriolis force constantly changing back and forth in the lateral direction. And can make a slight shock in the lateral direction with a driving force difference of 90 °. This Coriolis force is like the angular velocity, so the angular velocity of the MEMS gyroscope can be calculated from the change in capacitance.
Taking STMicroelectronics' MEMS gyroscope as an example, its core component is a micromachining mechanical unit that is designed to operate according to a tuning fork mechanism (the tuning fork mechanism works by a pair of piezoelectric crystals mounted on the tuning fork base). The tuning fork vibrates at a certain resonant frequency. When the tuning fork of the tuning fork switch comes into contact with the measured medium, the frequency and amplitude of the tuning fork will change. These changes of the tuning fork switch are detected by the intelligent circuit, processed and converted into a switching signal. ). The motor drive part is electrostatically driven to oscillate the mechanical element back and forth to generate resonance. The Coriolis force is used to convert the angular rate into a displacement of a specific induction structure, and the two moving mass points are continuously moved in opposite directions. As long as an angular rate is applied from the outside, a force occurs, the direction of the force being perpendicular to the direction of motion of the particle. The generated force causes the sensing mass to be displaced. The magnitude of the displacement is proportional to the magnitude of the applied acceleration. The sensor located next to it senses the change in capacitance caused between the stator and the rotor, thereby achieving the steering function. Moreover, since the advanced power-off function is embedded in the control circuit, the total power consumption of the gyroscope can be greatly reduced by turning off the entire sensor when the sensor function is not required, or allowing it to enter the deep sleep mode. Thus, portable devices such as mobile phones can achieve longer battery life.
　　 How the three-axis MEMS gyroscope worksThe three-axis MEMS gyroscope combines a so-called six-axis product with a three-axis MEMS accelerometer. The three-axis gyroscope can simultaneously measure the position, movement trajectory and acceleration in six directions.
From the application direction of MEMS gyroscopes, the gyroscope can measure the angular velocity along one axis or several axes, which can complement the advantages of MEMS accelerometers (accelerometers). If you combine the two sensors of accelerometer and gyroscope Designers can better track and capture the full motion of 3D space, providing end users with a more realistic user experience, precise navigation system and other features.
In addition, in order to make the gyroscope designed and manufactured with high acceleration and low mechanical noise, or to correct the rotation error of the accelerometer, some manufacturers use a magnetometer to perform the sensing function traditionally implemented by the gyroscope. In order to complete the corresponding positioning, the gyroscope industry has specialized. This suggests that a hybrid gyroscope, accelerometer or magnetic sensor combination is becoming a trend in MEMS gyroscope technology applications.
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