Lightning protection for UPS power systems and communication ports should be based on national regulations, and tailored to the specific environmental conditions of the application. A practical and effective lightning protection system should be established that is both scientific and cost-effective. For the characteristics of the UPS system, lightning protection should focus on several key areas:
First, it's essential to improve external lightning protection facilities and ensure proper grounding of the equipment room. According to the "Design Specification for Electronic Computer Room," a shared grounding system should be used for AC, DC working ground, protective ground, and lightning protection ground. The grounding resistance must meet the minimum requirements. If separate grounding is necessary, an equipotential coupling must be installed between the two grounding points. Since UPS systems are often part of large data networks, they are highly sensitive to lightning counterattacks, even small voltage fluctuations can cause significant damage.
Multi-level lightning protection measures should be implemented. IEC61312-1 defines lightning protection zones (LPZs) as follows:
LPZOA (Open Area): This area is exposed to direct lightning strikes, and the electromagnetic field from lightning propagates freely without attenuation.
LPZOB (Protected Area): Objects in this zone are not directly struck by lightning but may still be affected by unshielded electromagnetic fields generated by lightning.
LPZ1: This zone is protected from direct lightning strikes, and the current through conductors is lower than in LPZOB. The electromagnetic field here experiences different levels of attenuation depending on shielding measures.
LPZ2: Further protection is introduced when additional reduction of lightning currents and electromagnetic fields is required. The protection level should be selected based on the environment and the needs of the system being protected.
The core of lightning protection lies in discharging and equalizing potential. Lightning arresters should be used to divert as much of the lightning current as possible to the ground, preventing it from entering the communication or signal system. For UPS systems with signal or communication interfaces, a corresponding signal surge protector must be installed at the interface to prevent lightning waves from entering via those lines.
The market offers a wide range of surge protection products, so it's important to choose reputable and reliable manufacturers. The grounding wire for the arrester should be at least 6mm² in cross-section, and the connection should be as short and direct as possible. Using a Kelvin wiring method is ideal, as it minimizes induced voltage on the leads.
Lightning protection boxes and UPS power supplies must be properly grounded. The lightning protection device and the UPS power supply should also be connected through an equipotential bonding. The UPS output circuit must include a ground wire. It’s recommended to use high-quality grounding modules to ensure long-term reliability and corrosion resistance of the grounding system. This helps avoid frequent modifications to the grounding grid every 1–2 years, reducing maintenance costs for the user.
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