The Internet of Things is actually an extension of the Internet. The terminals of the Internet are computers (PCs, servers). All the programs we run are nothing but data processing and data transmission in computers and networks. No other terminals are involved except computers. (hardware).
The essence of the Internet of Things is the Internet, but the terminal is no longer a computer (PC, server), but an embedded computer system and its supporting sensors. This is the inevitable result of the development of computer technology. The computers that serve humans present various forms, such as wearable devices, environmental monitoring devices, virtual reality devices, and so on. As long as there is hardware or product connected to the Internet, data interaction occurs, called the Internet of Things.
However, the concept of the Internet of Things is currently being overheated. The monks started learning embedded about ten years ago. At that time, there was no such thing as the Internet of Things and smart hardware. I believe that many seniors like me at the time, learning microcontroller programming, everyone uses "microcontrollers" to summarize the industry. Around 2012, a lot of hot money poured out from the housing market and invested in the capital market. It was at this time that a large wave of vocabulary came up. The server technology is called "cloud", the one-chip computer is called "intelligent hardware", the network single-chip application is called "Internet of Things", and the on-board single-chip application is called "vehicle networking". . . Ha ha. This phenomenon is the necessity of business progress. We can only change the face with the technology. Who is the boss who pays the salary, hehe.
However, due to technical bottlenecks, the development of the Internet of Things cannot actually erupt like the Internet. Or change the popular saying, whether you have found a lot of applications of the Internet of Things, in fact, is the icing on the cake, the demand is not so strong, which is why many smart hardware is not selling very good root cause; it is because Demand-related reasons, so there will be no continuous investment in the business of drip taxis, and it will certainly clamp down the further development of technology.
This year, this wave of investment boom has cooled a lot, but in this wave, our society has undergone many changes. The first is that there are more and more people paying attention to the Internet of Things, and more and more practitioners. And many universities have also opened relevant courses, and the government has also introduced industry incentives. Earlier we said that the concept of the Internet of Things was a bit overheated, so in the large group of the Internet of Things, two types of people are most confused. One is the entrepreneurs who focus on the Internet of Things, and the other is the students of the Internet of Things. The monks also belonged to the first class.
The technology prospects of the Internet of Things are broad. Some air purifier products, wearable devices, and home environment monitoring equipments that have been listed in recent years have never been seen in the past. In the current consumption background, they are serving the public. There will be more new devices in the future. These are the inevitable results of the development of the Internet of Things technology. Therefore, it is a promising task to invest in the technology development of the Internet of Things.
However, the business prospects of the Internet of Things are complex, especially for entrepreneurs, this is not good news. Since entrepreneurship, the purpose is definitely to make money, but looking at human society, the most profitable things, in fact, are just a few. The first is resources, then the tools to get resources, and the information. Every business wants to live well, with only one goal, a monopoly. However, most of the resources in the society are monopolized in the hands of large enterprises. Small enterprises are often involved in low-income industries related to people's livelihood. Competition is fierce and hard work is made. Back in the computer industry, although the computer industry is highly open, the monopoly exists as much as other industries. Companies such as Intel and ARM have basically monopolized the processor industry. Microsoft, Google (Android), and Apple have monopolized the operating system. The Internet of Things is an emerging market. Although the current capacity is not large, every household is staring. For entrepreneurs, it is impossible to create a monopoly and it is difficult to survive. Most of the entrepreneurs are small companies. No matter how arrogant the technology is, once there is a market, big companies can quickly invest several times your money, imitate you in a very short time, overtake you and overwhelm you. You are a small company, propaganda and promotion, and you can't invest in the capital and influence like a big company. So the product is good, and it doesn't necessarily sell well. This is the fact that every technology entrepreneur has to face.
It is because of the above pressure that many entrepreneurs are very confused. I have been working in the Internet of Things industry for the past four years, so I have met many peers, most of them entrepreneurs. These entrepreneurs are very hardworking, passionate about their ideas, and often dare to persist. However, these are not very useful. Most entrepreneurs have not come to today, because the investors' money will always burn out.
I think that to be successful, entrepreneurs in the IoT industry should deal with two issues. First of all, it should be recognized that the computer industry wants to break through the monopoly, and for large enterprises, it is technology accumulation. However, for individuals or small teams, the only way is to narrow down the user community. That is, we should focus on one area of ​​technology to solve a problem. If you say that your customer is everyone in the public, then you can't sell one thing at all. But if your customer is "Jeddah car owner" + "installed electronic navigation system", then your things will be better to sell. The advantage of narrowing down the user community is that big companies won't come to eat with you, and you can easily find your customers and persuade them to buy your things. Secondly, individuals or small teams should not have a loss at any moment, otherwise you will end up hard to stick to. The best state is that everyone has a job (income), but it is relatively idle, together to maintain a small product, this situation is often easy to succeed (finally the team or project is acquired by a large company to achieve financial freedom, or Position rises).
For those who develop in the direction of the Internet of Things in large enterprises, they naturally do not have to worry about income issues. However, most of the time, they must accept assignments from the upper levels. As an IoT technology practitioner, we should realize that there are still many areas in the technology of this industry that need to be broken. Individuals will display some technologies that they feel need to break through as follows. I hope that the R&D personnel in the direction of the Internet of Things can spare leisure. , do some technical accumulation in these areas:
1. At present, domestic low-power network technologies are not doing well, including zigbee, in fact, it has been over-hyped.
2. The sensor and sensor input part actually has a lot of space. The reason why people are smart is related to the hand, eyes, mouth, nose and ear. However, the hand and nose of the computer have no one to talk to. ratio. Since it is difficult for individuals to accumulate on chip technology, they can only do algorithms. For visual recognition technology, there are great potentials in various fields, and they can be accumulated.
3. Tools to reduce the difficulty of research and development, you can pay attention to it. At present, the Internet of Things is also a stage of teaching promotion. It can quickly help practitioners to improve the efficiency of research and development, and can research and accumulate. (The monk is doing this one)
4. The speech dialogue algorithm in a specific environment can be studied. At present, all speech recognition is almost nothing more than speech-to-text. Then the computer performs tasks through lexical analysis, and basically can't do context conversation. Voice conversations in non-specific environments, it is estimated that foreign Apple, google, domestic Xunfei, Tencent, Baidu are all researching, personal technology is basically unnecessary and no opportunity. However, in certain circumstances (such as the automatic navigation of this environment, human instructions, only around the "navigation" theme), voice dialogue is a very efficient input and output tool, worthy of personal research and accumulation.
About NB-IoTAs we all know, the Internet of Things has opened the era of “Internet of Everythingâ€. Since it is the "Internet of Everything", the first thing is to solve the connection problem between "object" and "net", so I think that "connection technology" determines the direction of the development of the Internet of Things.
In order to meet the connection requirements of IoT devices, LPWAN (Low Power Wide Area Network) has emerged. LPWAN is designed for low-bandwidth, low-power, long-range, high-volume IoT applications. There are two main categories: one is LoRa technology working on unlicensed spectrum; the other is NB-IoT operating under licensed spectrum.
(1) Compared to NB-IoT, LoRa's Sub-GHz-based frequency band makes it easier to communicate over long distances with lower power consumption, and can be powered by battery or other energy harvesting methods;
(2) LoRa's lower data rate also extends battery life and increases network capacity;
(3) The longer wavelength of the LoRa signal determines its penetrating power and obstacle avoidance capability;
(4) LoRa dedicated gateway can expand more customized functions according to the needs of the site and customers, such as advertising push, multiple network access and so on.
These technical features are more suitable for low-cost large-scale IoT deployments and enterprise-specific private networks. LoRa's ease of construction and deployment has attracted the attention and follow-up of more and more domestic companies. For example, the domestic old-fashioned digital communication manufacturer Ruijie Networks has developed and researched several LoRa-based solutions, including IoT smart meter reading applications, IoT smart parking applications, IoT smart manhole cover monitoring, and IoT smart street light monitoring. Business scenario.
LoRaWAN is a low-power WAN specification introduced by the LoRa Alliance. LoRaWAN is targeting some of the core needs of the Internet of Things - two-way communication. The LoRaWAN network architecture is a typical star topology. In this network architecture, the LoRa gateway is a transparent relay that connects the front-end terminal devices to the back-end servers. However, in many practical application scenarios, the network topology is mostly a mesh structure or a multi-level relay networking structure. The specification protocol often fails to solve the communication rate, transmission distance, real-time performance, low power consumption, and conflicts between multi-level networking.
Once the problem of linking "things" and "nets" is solved, and the cost is controlled within an acceptable range, I believe that the era of "Internet of Everything" can really come.
After talking about entrepreneurs, let’s talk about the Internet of Things professional learners at major universities.
In fact, I personally do not recommend the Internet of Things professional in the undergraduate, because the Internet of Things is not a basic subject, opened in the undergraduate, incapable school, that is, a blind man, will be a lot of people. A school with a little ability can't expect students to learn something under the current teaching framework. The reason is that the Internet of Things covers too much content, just to list:
1. Digital electric mode, single-chip programming technology: to do IoT products, at least, you can understand the circuit board, you have to write a few lines of code to the microcontroller, point a stream of light or something. You know, this used to be something that you have to learn in the automation profession for four years. The circuit board is well painted, even if it is in the provincial capital city of the mainland, the monthly salary is tens of thousands, the MCU is well written, and the monthly salary is also the same. What kind of Internet of Things is the scorpion!
2. Network technology: Light to the single-chip programming machine is not enough, you have to let the single-chip Internet access, otherwise called the Internet of Things. Since the Internet, the simplest "client-server" model, you have to put a server in the cloud. Not to mention the server program you have to write yourself, go to Aliyun to buy a server, bind a domain name, it is estimated that you have to toss a week. Write the server program, that is also a major in the undergraduate course, at least VC to learn it (fashionable point java). You will be on the host computer, and there will be a single-chip computer. Then you are a full-stack engineer. Is this salary higher?
3. Wireless technology: Many products, a single MCU is not working, you have to have multiple MCUs, and then multiple MCUs across the network, which involves networking. With wifi, the power consumption is too high. With zigbee, the light agreement will see you die. With Bluetooth, the architecture of people is not so complete. Then I have to write it myself. From the driver to the networking protocol, you have to be able to write all, and there is no problem. After that, what software architecture can you not make?
4. Sensor technology: For the moment, many sensors are digital, and the value is directly lost. The MCU can be used only when it is connected. It is difficult. But the problem is the amount, temperature measurement, temperature sensor; light, light sensor; air, air quality sensor; acceleration sensor, heart rate sensor, color sensor, decibel sensor. . . The university is also four years old. It is estimated that it will take three years to learn MCU programming. You can see that the rest of your time can be a whole.
5. Terminal Technology (App): IoT Internet of Things, where do you put the user, always give the user an app to see the status of the product, then you have to learn how to do the App. You have to learn both iOS and Android, otherwise users will have to cut in half, huh, huh.
Therefore, the Internet of Things professional undergraduate course is really a pit. It is obvious that the school can't teach it all. Even if the school is willing to teach, students can't learn it. Give some suggestions for feasibility:
1. To clarify the correct technical view, the Internet of Things is an industry, not a profession. Learning any technology in the Internet of Things can be done on its own and quickly realize the accumulation of personal value (the income is very good). If you are greedy and greedy, there is no benefit except to bring endless disappointment and blow to yourself.
2. Defining the correct development direction, the Internet of Things involves many fields such as software and hardware, the Internet, and the App. As an individual, it is only possible to be precise. If you are doing hardware, then learn how to use electric mode, application circuit, wiring board, sensor characteristics, and so on. If you are doing software, clear direction, it is generally recommended to learn microcontroller programming at the undergraduate stage, familiar with one or two sensors or applications, and do one or two small products. After graduating, you can gradually transition, learn to cooperate with other engineers, learn to use networking applications, and practice more works.
3. Practice is greater than theory, learning the Internet of Things or embedded must be diligent to get started, more works. More works can not only increase technical capabilities, understand the Internet of Things architecture, but most importantly, increase self-confidence. Most of the differences between people are in education, and whether education is successful or not, self-confidence is a very important evaluation rule. Of course, since the Internet of Things is generally a system product, it is recommended that learners can make products based on a mature architecture, so that it is easy to successfully complete a complete product. You can use our cool IoT system, which is also one of the choices.
4. After graduation, try not to go to a startup company, but start-up companies rarely recruit students. Be sure to go to the core team of a medium-sized company or a large enterprise, even if you are doing a lot of work. Regardless of whether the future is going to be a market or a technology, you must remember that when you graduate from a job, you must find a way to enter the core R&D team of the company. If the big company can't enter, you can enter a smaller one, and then you can't enter it. Some people may ask, people don't necessarily want me. Yes, people don't necessarily want you. The Internet of Things work you made during your undergraduate course is a stepping stone.
5. After employment, don't be eager to succeed, smother your mind, and follow the team's technical leaders to do the technology. What to do, do as much as possible to cultivate applications in different fields, and more reliable technical friends. Three or five years later, one day, you will find that you have the skills, the team, and the ability to do any product, your road will be broad.
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