LED headlights
Refers to car headlights with white LEDs. Toyota first equipped the world's most advanced hybrid "Lexus LS600h" with white light-emitting diode (LED) headlights on May 17, 2007. The life span is up to 10,000 hours, and the time required for lighting does not exceed 0.1 second. The power consumption is lower than that of HID lamps, and it is equivalent to the high-end products of HID lamps. If further improvements are made in the future, the power consumption is expected to be lower.
Increase brightness and reduce power consumption
The white LED technology has made remarkable progress, and there are already more than fluorescent lamps and HID lamps, and the products with luminous efficiency of 100 lm/W are available. Products with a single white LED with a luminous flux of more than 100 lm are also emerging, and applications in the field of lighting are accelerating. The Lexus LS600h's automotive headlamps use five white LEDs with a luminous flux of 400 lm to achieve the necessary brightness for the LowBeam. The product was developed by Filament Manufacturing.
Auxiliary lights use 5 white LEDs
Developed by the Filament Manufacturing Institute, it is equipped with headlights on Toyota's "Lexus LS600h" and uses five white LED lights for the auxiliary lights. Each white LED light uses a white LED module.
During the development process, problems such as ensuring brightness, reducing power consumption, and taking heat countermeasures were encountered. The brightness needs to be at least 20Mcd/m2 which is the same as the halogen lamp. The white LED is only a few Mcd/m2. To this end, four large-sized blue LED chips of about 1 mm square are provided in the package, each chip can input 2.5 W (input current is 700 mA), and the entire LED headlamp LED headlamp package has a total of 10 W of power. Thereby, a luminance of 25 Mcd/m 2 was obtained.
But to provide large power to each chip, the luminous efficiency will be reduced. Compared with the HID lamp, the Lexus LS600h's headlamps have a luminous efficiency of only 40 lm/W during actual operation, which means that the power consumption is large. For this reason, the effective use of light by the filament factory has been improved. Specifically, a plurality of white LED lamps are provided with different light distribution characteristics to form a light distribution pattern. Light loss is reduced compared to when making complex light distribution patterns on one lamp.
The filament manufacturing facility also improved the white LED lamp construction during high beam illumination. The high beam needs to illuminate the light distribution pattern below the horizontal line. The original method was to shave the pattern, and this time a mirror called the "beam shaper" was used to redirect the light above the horizontal line. By the above measures, more than half of the total luminous flux emitted by the white LED can be supplied to the headlight. Compared with HID lamps and halogen lamps that can only extract about 1/3 of the total luminous flux, the efficiency is greatly improved. It achieves the same power consumption as the "Lexus LS460" with high-end HID lamps as headlamps. <
There is a fever problem
In order to ensure the longevity, the Filament Manufacturing Institute has also carefully studied the countermeasures for heat generation. This LED headlamp module must be installed in the same space as when the LS460 uses the HID lamp. Therefore, it is necessary to take measures against heat in a limited shape. Therefore, the LED chip is first improved so that it can be used even at a junction temperature of up to 150 °C.
Secondly, the material encapsulated on the chip uses glass, thereby suppressing deterioration caused by heat generation when the LED is lit. Such a glass material is hard to deteriorate compared with epoxy resins and silicone resins which are generally used for packaging materials, and even when the bonding temperature is 115 ° C, the brightness is not lowered by continuously lighting for 8000 hours. Other companies' products will degrade more than 10% after 5,000 hours of lighting.
In addition, in order to dissipate the heat generated by the white LED, a heat sink and a heat pipe are disposed on the outer casing of the lamp. In the prototypes of LED headlamps, many use heat sinks and cooling fans to dissipate heat. However, setting the cooling fan will increase the volume of the headlamp module. To this end, this time, a heat pipe with pure water inside is used, so that heat can be dissipated without using a cooling fan. LED projector
A projector that uses R (red), G (green), B (blue) LEDs, or a white LED as a light source. By using LEDs instead of the original light source - high pressure mercury lamps (UHP) brings many advantages. For example, the life span, in general, the UHP lamp needs to be replaced after about 10,000 hours, and the LED life is more than doubled. In addition, it has the advantage of being able to instantly illuminate to the highest brightness without using mercury.
The biggest feature of the front projection projector with LED light source is that the projector is small in size and can be driven by a battery. There are even postcard-sized products. No need for high voltage drive, the power supply circuit and heat dissipation structure are simple, and the color wheel that was previously used to separate the white light of the light source into three colors of RGB is omitted. At present, companies are actively developing, for example, products using single-panel transmissive liquid crystal panels and products using reflective display elements such as DMD.
LED projectors come in a variety of formats, from ultra-small products that are easy to carry to products that can be embedded in portable products such as laptops, digital cameras and mobile phones. The battery-powered, external-sized projector that fits in the size of the pocket of the garment has an entertainment interface that can be connected to a portable media player to project images on a large screen for multi-person viewing, and is connected to a laptop for presentation. Planning business use, etc. This small projector is called a "micro projector."
Main features of LED light source
The projector achieved by changing the light source from a UHP lamp to an LED has a five-point feature.
There are several issues that need to be solved in order for the micro projector to be widely used in the future. Among the three technical issues of miniaturization, low power consumption, and cost reduction, the ace of miniaturization is a laser light source. Compared with the current mainstream LEDs, the light emitted by the laser is not easily diffused, which is convenient for further reducing the size of the optical system.
Fluorescent LED
A linear LED lighting fixture designed to replace fluorescent lamps. Many new companies involved in the LED lighting market have launched fluorescent lamp products. Fluorescent lamp type LED lighting fixtures can be divided into three types according to their installation methods, namely (1) removing the original ballast and inverter, replacing it with a special converter; (2) removing the original town Flow and inverter, direct connection style; (3) no need to remove the original ballast and inverter, directly installed and used.
(1) and (2) require professionally qualified personnel for electrical construction. In (2), the inverter is built in the back surface of the light-emitting portion in the straight tube. (3) It can be easily installed without construction, but the overall efficiency is not good due to power loss caused by the ballast and the inverter.
In terms of energy saving, the overall efficiency of fluorescent LEDs is not as good as that of HF fluorescent lamps. The Department of Energy (DOE) evaluated the performance of LED lighting products based on the product evaluation program CALIPER (commercially available LED products evaluation and reporting), and concluded that "performance is not enough to replace fluorescent lamps." The Japan Bulb Industry Association also announced the results of the evaluation of domestically listed products in Japan in July 2009. In terms of energy saving performance, fluorescent LEDs cannot be regarded as a light source that can replace fluorescent lamps. In terms of safety, the weight of the fluorescent lamp type LED exceeds the allowable range of the JIS, so there is a concern that it is detached from impact and vibration. However, even if the fluorescent type LED cannot replace the fluorescent lamp in terms of efficiency and quality, there is a need for convenient use, and therefore there is a view that the product can occupy a place in the market.
Comparison of straight tube type LED lighting fixtures and fluorescent lamps instead of fluorescent lamps
According to the survey conducted by the Japan Bulb Industry Association, there are LEDs close to HF fluorescent lamps in terms of overall efficiency, but there are also LED products with very low overall efficiency. Overall, the weight is heavier than fluorescent lamps, and there are more than 500g products specified by JIS.
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