The density of polyethylene (PE) colloidal particles is closely related to their size, volume, and the physical properties of the final product. Therefore, accurately measuring the density of PE raw materials is essential. According to the "Standard Test Method for Determining Density and Specific Gravity of Plastics in American ASTM D792-00" and the "Standard Test Method for Density and Relative Density of Plastics in Domestic GB/T1033," several methods are used to measure the density of PE colloidal particles. These include the pycnometer method, floating sedimentation method, density meter method, density gradient column method, and impregnation method.
Among these, the first four methods are often considered cumbersome due to their complex procedures, high error rates, and lack of scientific accuracy, leading to their gradual decline in use. However, the impregnation method has evolved significantly through innovations, combining a precision balance with an advanced volumetric measuring device, modern software technology, and Archimedes' principle. This method uses water as a medium to directly display density and volume, making it simple, easy to learn, and reliable. As a result, it has become the mainstream method for density measurement in the plastics industry.
Below is a list of PE colloidal particles or similar products that can be tested using the impregnation method:
**Instrument Requirements:**
1. Weighing accuracy: Must be at least 0.005g.
2. Volume measuring container: A transparent container is required to observe bubbles adhering to the sample surface.
3. Measuring frame: Designed for ease of operation and clear observation of the sample in water.
4. Size of the container: When the sample is placed in water, the water level should not rise more than 2.5mm to minimize errors.
5. Hanging bar: The wire diameter should not exceed 0.40mm; a thicker wire increases measurement error.
6. Auxiliary tools: For particle-state products, a particle-measuring device must be included.
**Measurement Steps:**
1. **Preparation:** Clean the test ball with alcohol, place it in the water column, position the glass on the measuring table, and press the [ZERO] key to reset.
2. **Step 1:** With the system at zero, add approximately 7g of PE colloidal particles into the glass. Once the stable symbol appears, press [ENTER] to record the weight in air.
3. **Step 2:** Using tweezers, remove the test ball from the water, pour the PE particles into it, ensuring no particles are lost or added. Then, clean the test ball in alcohol and shake it vigorously to remove any trapped air bubbles. Place the test ball back into the center of the water column and return the glass to its position. Observe and remove any remaining bubbles. Once stable, press [ENTER] to display the density value.
4. **Reset:** Pour out the PE colloid, return the test ball and glass to their original positions, and press [ENTER] to return to the testing state.
This method ensures accurate and efficient density measurement, making it a preferred choice in industrial applications.
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