Ultraviolet spectrophotometric method for the determination of the purity of substances - Determination of trace benzene in ethanol - Database & Sql Blog Articles

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Determination of Purity of Substance by Ultraviolet Spectrophotometry: Detection of Trace Benzene in Ethanol

Keywords: ultraviolet spectrophotometry; trace benzene in ethanol; aesthetic analyzer; UV-1100

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    This experiment focuses on using ultraviolet (UV) spectrophotometry to determine the purity of a substance, specifically detecting trace amounts of benzene in ethanol. The method is widely used in analytical chemistry due to its sensitivity and simplicity.

    **Objective:**  
    1. Learn how to use a UV-visible spectrophotometer for material purity analysis.  
    2. Gain hands-on experience with operating the UV-1100 spectrophotometer.  

    **Principle:**  
    UV absorption spectroscopy is a powerful tool for analyzing organic compounds. It works based on the principle that certain molecules absorb specific wavelengths of UV light. Benzene, for instance, has a strong absorption band between 230–280 nm, while ethanol and cyclohexane do not show significant absorption in this range. By comparing the absorbance spectra of the sample and reference, we can detect even small traces of impurities like benzene in ethanol.

    **Equipment and Reagents:**  
    - UV-1100 spectrophotometer  
    - Quartz cuvettes  
    - 10 mL volumetric flask  
    - 5 µL micro-syringe  
    - Benzene and absolute ethanol  

    **Procedure:**  
    1. Prepare a solution by diluting 2 µL of pure benzene in 10 mL of absolute ethanol.  
    2. Measure the absorbance of absolute ethanol at various wavelengths (230–280 nm).  
    3. Repeat the measurement for the benzene-ethanol solution.  
    4. Compare the two spectra to identify any absorption peaks indicative of benzene.  

    **Data Analysis:**  
    Plot an absorbance vs. wavelength graph (A-λ curve). If benzene is present, a distinct peak should appear in the 230–280 nm range.  

    **Notes:**  
    - Handle quartz cuvettes carefully to avoid breakage.  
    - Ensure the outside of the cuvette is dry before placing it in the instrument.  
    - If negative absorbance values are encountered, consult the instructor immediately.  
    - After the experiment, do not wash the cuvettes with water. Instead, let them air dry or rinse with a small amount of absolute ethanol.  

    **Keywords:** ultraviolet spectrophotometry; trace benzene in ethanol; aesthetic analyzer; UV-1100

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